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Gravitation
is quantum mechanical in nature. Quantum mechanical wavefunctions
concurrently relate to each other under linearity (vector summation).
Gravitational wavefunction exists between any two
material (mass, real) bodies with atomic granularity and all
wavefunctions add up to one net
wavefunction. The reduction
of the gravitational wavefunction creates momentum at all bodies. If
bodies are free to move they accelerate toward each other. The
wavefunction reduction happens at some free running frequency. (To
explain the cause of gravitation is to explain the mechanism that
generates the frequency, but that is not the subject of this article.)
Gravitational
wavefunction reduction
creates the following effects:
(1)
Linear acceleration if bodies have at least one degree of freedom, (2)
Linear and angular acceleration if bodies have at least two degrees
of freedom, and (3) Static pressure -- or weight -- if bodies
have no degree of freedom. Because quantum mechanical gravitation is
computational in nature, another aspect of gravitation deals with
solutions to multi-body problems and reaching tractable (real-time
computable) topology. Gravitational forces result in the creation of
a single or interlocked planetary or moon orbit, and one-body or
two-body solutions via the computational template of the hyperstates (advanced).
The
first part is about Gravitation:
basic mechanics, while the second part is about Organization:
arriving at tractable structures that have both the logical and the
physical topology. |
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Of Gravitation.. |
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 The
conservation of momentum holds at every conceivable instance of time
when momentum is created within a system |
In English:
The conservation of momentum (and, therefore, energy) holds even
though bodies are not physically touching. Two or more bodies in a
system can and do exchange momentum as long as the combined (total,
net) momentum of such system remains constant (is conserved)
The (law of the)
conservation of momentum is generalized by combining Kepler's
"force of gravitation between bodies is mutual" and
Newton's "instant action" while recognizing mechanisms
other than collision for momentum transfer. The
'other-than-collision' component is the QM component.
The system
aspect indicates two constructs: (1) System is composed of at
least two bodies and (2) Intangible boundaries can be drawn
identifying a system. The boundary forms a contiguous volume |
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The speed of gravitation is a
complex issue. While the reduction (collapse of the wavefunction) is
always instantaneous -- and that is why force always manifests as
equal and opposite -- the nonreducing (computational) interactions
are between the speed of light and instantaneous. You can figure it
out or read up on it in the Quantum Pythagoreans book. |
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In the language
of Quantum Mechanics (QM): "Instant
action" of Newton confirms that force is never a one sided
force but always arises as a dual and opposing force. Quantum
mechanically, then, all forces are even wavefunctions.
Gravitational wavefunctions exist in superposition and interconnect
all bodies within the system with atomic granularity. Wavefunctions
move and relate (recompute) at the speed of light and, owing to their
virtual state, are not physical (are immaterial, virtual,
intangible). Wavefunction superposition, however, is instantaneous
subject to certain conditions. Should wavefunction computations so
indicate, some wavefunctions instantaneously reduce and real linear
and/or real angular momentum is imparted upon bodies with resulting
(linear or angular) acceleration. Combined (net) momentum within the
system remains constant and, therefore, energy is conserved even
though individual bodies within the system gain momentum. When
individual bodies gain momentum the mutual momentum between bodies
changes but the total momentum of all bodies within the system
remains the same (is conserved) because the momentum is created in
the framework of momentum conservation (equal and opposite).
Presently,
Planck's constant is made up and serves [quite well] to match a
theory with observations. Quantum mechanical gravitation gives
Planck's constant a purpose:
Momentum that is distributed among bodies within the system cannot
continue to be divided on down indefinitely. The Planck constant is
really a qualitative construct for digital basis of gravitation and
not necessarily a quantitative measure of gravitation (gravitational
granularity could be different as it is core based rather than
electron based). |
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This
entire page is designed with intensive content and you are now in
the thick of it. "Zoom out" to home Portal (in
new window) for site search and supporting topics.
Q:
"Momentum
is to be conserved in at least two objects?"
See
QM Gravitation Concept
One.
Here you will also find the definition of mutual
and total
(combined,
system) momentum
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Q:
"Where does the equation E=mc2
fit in?"
This
"equation" describes the release of energy when matter is
destroyed through an irreversible transformation (it is really not an
equation but a one-way process). Quantum mechanical gravitation deals
with relationships of bodies moving in space and, therefore, the mass
remains whole. See Black
Hole My Foot.
[You will need a bit of attitude -- otherwise you just collect $200
and go straight to the black hole to face Hawking.]
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Q:
"Where does the quantum mechanical formalism fit with QM gravitation?"
QM
formalism is a process that keeps track of each state of each QM
entity. This process starts out okay but becomes intractable. QM
formalism is fine for explaining the intricacies of QM. Beyond that
it cannot be applied directly and its dead-end should serve as a
Western koan that "flips you over" to the infinite and
superposing wave nature of QM. Similarly, you can explain the
traveling salesman problem by showing how to add all paths
(mathematical factorial of 'cities') but beyond that there is not
much use for the exhaustive method. There is nothing on QM formalism
on this site but you may try the Primer
that also talks about changing intractable systems into tractable
ones by changing the computational context through geometries (lens,
grid) and by
switching to wave mechanics via de Broglie.
[If you think Einstein is okay then you don't want to go there.]
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The
book you will thoroughly enjoy:
QUANTUM
PYTHAGOREANS
More
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If
quantum mechanics is not considered then the only way to conserve
momentum is with collisions. Hence the legacy of classical mechanics:
"You cannot get there from here" |
Recalling the past:
If each body is independent (localized) then each body must account
for the conservation of momentum. Classically, momentum needs to be
conserved in each object individually and this ties the classical
understanding to a trivial subset. Such subset, for example, allows
momentum conservation during physical collisions only. One can never
explain the creation
of orbiting structures
General theory of relativity is
not incomplete – it is incorrect [stupid, actually]. Field-based
gravitation is a repackaged Aristotle's "prime mover,"
which is presently illustrated as "sheet of rubber" by
mainstream scientists. 'Field' is not something basic such as
distance or mass and by itself a field does not mean anything. A
field depends on geometry of real structures and a field then
produces tractable or chaotic environment depending on the topology.
With the topology missing, a field is nothing -- just like a shaddow
that disappears when the object that created it disappears. It should
not be surprising that field-based gravitation is worthless because:
- Source of energy that moves
bodies is unknown
- Cannot explain the creation of spin
- Cannot explain the creation of
cosmic constructions we observe (solar or galactic)
- Cannot explain how chaos is
avoided or rectified
- Lightspeed limit of
"field" propagation does not explain (nor does it
contribute to) the actual stability of orbits
Reworking the present:
Antimatter cannot be used for propulsion because radiation yields no
pressure. Photons of light do not have real momentum and laser, for
example, cannot push a mirror. The upside is that a laser has no recoil
Re-calling Newton:
Newton's physics includes instant action (and instant reaction --
forces arise concurrently) as well as the absolute spatial
distance and time. Newton is current with regard to the latest
advances in photonics and quantum mechanics. A case can be made that
Newton is not "classical" |
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Q:
"How come space (spatial distance) and time are absolute?"
Relativity
postulate does not work for the electrons in the electron microscope
or during interferometry. Michelson-Morley interferometry experiment
confirms that the velocity of the light source is not added to the
velocity of light. This proves the absolute velocity of light. Using
electrons in an interferometry experiment (two slit) the relativistic
presumption does not hold and you need absolute reference. The energy
imparted on a particle cannot
be taken away by merely changing the frame
of reference. Also, absolute
clock is constructible
if you use lightspeed instead of decaying matter as your time reference.
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Q:
"The bending of light is because light has momentum and then
light also has 'effective mass.' That is how black holes came about."
Wishful
thinking. Now that larger lasers are available the presumed pressure
of light's momentum is easy to measure and the pressure just is not
there. See theXperiment.
Logically, moreover, light bouncing between two parallel mirrors
would make a perpetual motion machine if light has momentum. Light
cannot push mirror, but.. deals with zero
pressure of light on mirror. Overall, there is a summary of topics about
light
Einstein's
theories appear to have a political dimension, which may have been
actively inserted into his theories. Eddington
in particular was ready to support him with "universally
increasing entropy" in his own proposals while ignoring the
closed system prerequisite. Once the nonexisting black hole resulted
from Einstein theories, however, his political aspect was effectively neutralized.
Hitler
and Stalin both implanted science with political dimensions giving
rise to absurd fields of play. Nobel prizes for physics are also
corrupted although incompetence rather than politics is the likely
cause there (Compton effect the most obvious).
Now
that the Berlin Wall is gone it is time to send Einstein, Harvard
simpletons, and NASA crommies into the black hole they created for
themselves. [Crommies: Muggles on government payroll who think
somebody owes them a living.] |
Q? Relevant
Background:
Gravitation
does not bend light or space, New
Interpretation of the 1919 Experiment,
or, 'How Harvard sucks up to black holes.' In the end, however, the
new definition of a photon is included;
Deep
Space Scouting Party, second topic for August
2000; and
What
is a field
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In
the quantum mechanical context, the collapse of the gravitational
wavefunction instantaneously distributes real momentum among atoms
(objects) within the system. The total momentum is constant and
satisfies the conservation of momentum but each atom individually
will have gained net momentum. This holds for both the linear and
the angular momentum |
Angular momentum can
be imparted on individual bodies as long as the combined (net)
angular momentum distributed to all bodies within the system
remains constant.
Presently, classically or
otherwise, there is no mechanism for the creation of spin.
Everything in the universe can
now spin... [It's doing it anyway] |
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Q?
Relevant Background:
The
Unbearable
Slowness of
Space Travel. There is a history component to this article on
management of technology breakthroughs
Q:
"How does a spin change as a function of scale?"
Conceptually
it does not, but spin acquires quantized solutions in the atom. Go
for ConceptThree.
A companion ConceptTwo
article has other parameters such as 'continuum' that point out the
weaknesses of mainstream science. NASA does not get it. For the
atomic scale spin, the primer
might be a better read. |
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The
linear and the angular momentum are linked
(are not independent of each other). Because of the linkage and
because the linkage exists in the context of the conservation of
energy, the reversal of the angular momentum (reversal of spin)
creates compensatory linear momentum that will reverse gravitation |
This is a radical and also a
risky item, because classically it does not hold. Classically, linear
and angular momentum are isolated. A satellite in orbit cannot change
its angular momentum into linear momentum, or vice versa. (It is for
this very reason NASA's "Space
Elevator" cannot work.) Because the angular and
linear mo are both moving energies, the conservation of energy, if
satisfied, "does not care" if the moving energy is linear
or angular. This may be so but there is a big gap in our
understanding of physics because we did not so far formalize the conservation
of direction. We call it a 'vector' law but that's about
it. Here is also a gateway to transformations and energies in both
domains that need to be taken into account. (In the Quantum Pythagoreans
book this gap is closed and the reason for having vectors is explained.)
Formal definition of Gravitation.
The implications are:
¤
Gravitation waves will not be found (will not be directly measured)
as these are virtual and are subject to quantum mechanical considerations
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Gravity can be neutralized
¤
Neutrinos do not exist in their real (particle) state. They will not
be detected since their virtual state cannot be reduced at will
Gravity reversal does not call
for large amounts of energy since the sum of the momentum is zero
— coming or going
Note:
There are two basic pursuits in dealing with gravitation: (1)
Working the gravitational wavefunction and (2)
Working the mass of the bodies. All workings are searching [better
be] for reversible transformations |
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The
system under consideration is a system in which the total (combined)
momentum is constant. All outside gravitational forces that equally
affect all bodies within such system can be ignored |
Gravitation issues need
intangible boundary that defines the system under consideration.
Boundary can be drawn to obtain practical results but such boundary
is not arbitrary. Boundary can be constructed where all external
gravitational forces crossing the boundary affect all objects within
the system equally and thus can be ignored. [Appears
similar/identical to a linearity requirement.] |
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Boundaries
of the system under consideration may be increased by nesting (but
nesting is not the only way of obtaining new boundaries) |
Larger boundaries can be formed
such that earlier boundaries are nested within the new boundaries.
External gravitational forces that equally affect all bodies within
earlier boundaries were ignored within earlier boundary, but such
forces can no longer be ignored within new boundaries |
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Spatial
distance and mass are not the only determinants of gravitational significance |
Basic way of stating that
Newton's 2nd is incomplete. The incompleteness is not important in
the classical context of forces that operate among existing orbiting
bodies but becomes important when dealing with spin creation.
This is because the existing (observed) systems are organized
already (have a mathematical solution) and the spin of solar systems
and flat galaxies is for the most part fixed or the spin is periodic
(spherical galaxy) |
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Up to this point we postulated
quantum mechanical gravitation as a mechanism that distributes linear
and angular momentum among physical bodies in the context of the
conservation of momentum. The amount and direction of the distributed
(exchanged) linear and angular momentum, however, is subject to
knowledge that, in turn, is a function of the hyperstates template,
which, in turn, issues from the Tetractys of Pythagoras:
The following addresses the
mechanism of organizing physical bodies into geometries we observe |
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...and Organization |
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Universe
is finite yet unbounded
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Well established. The universe is
not a closed system. Need to start here because the 2nd law of
thermodynamics does not apply and the universe does not tend toward
entropy and the universe will not become homogenized and
undifferentiated "nothingness." Note that the closed system
condition is fundamental to thermodynamics and is facilitated by
physical and thermal barriers
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The 2nd law of
thermodynamics does not hold without barriers but this does not stop
some people from extending the 2nd law to the entire universe. This
is perhaps the finest piece of pseudoscience from the 20th Century:
The universe does not have physical or thermal boundaries, but, gee,
if entropy increases inside a thermos bottle, let's apply it to the
universe! One thing is for Eddington to talk nonsense, but the
amazing thing is how many scientists go along with such stupidity.
The 2nd law of thermodynamics is great for the appreciation that if
you (could) construct a barrier that does not let photons through,
the system inside the barrier atrophies [backfired as the Berlin Wall?] |
Interacting formal and
informal systems can grow and sustain themselves without physical
barriers. Informal (virtual) systems can sustain themselves with or
without physical barriers. Formal systems remain fixed or atrophy
with physical barriers |
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Classically,
chaos does not diminish. In the quantum mechanical context, chaotic
systems tend to diminish |
Real (if-then) methods cannot
describe chaotic systems and, therefore, cannot deal with chaotic systems
Observed geometries suggest the
universe can and does organize. Increase in organization is directly
reflected in the growth of the universe
Although there is no classical
chaos-to-organization mechanism, there is a nonlocal chaos-to-organization
mechanism. |
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Q: "It
is easy to suddenly switch to some such 'nonlocal' mechanism, but
what is the path that gets us there?"
Experimentally
it is Davisson and Germer -- and we have two articles: First one
deals with the electron
transformation while the QM
Primer applies it. |
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In
the universe, matter becomes real in a
framework that creates and/or preserves formal systems. Such
framework is that of reputation (relational computation) which,
through infinite concurrency, can assess any and all influences.
Formal systems are, by definition, computable but only a particular
subset of formal systems is tractable |
Premise based on the lack of
chaotic systems we observe in the universe. The new framework
postulates that matter appears per some mechanism, one piece (atom,
electron) at a time. Fundamentally, the creation of a formal system
calls for a solution to nonpolynomial problems
Relational computing (reputing)
is the new framework for appearance of matter. Reputed matter appears
in a way that reduces chaos and creates formal systems |
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There
is one framework that is valid in the micro and the macro worlds;
there is a mechanism that is independent of scale |
Up to now, there is no unifying
framework between Hyperspace and Realspace. Yet, there is one
framework that works: Hyperstates. While
the organizational template exists and is derived from the
Pythagoras' Tetractys, you should be also cognizant of three
body instability (chaos), what it means,
what it does, and, most importantly, that chaos is not a dead end. |
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There
exist the real and the virtual domains. Separated by a
discontinuity, the real and the virtual are not opposites and are
always engaged. The engagement of the real and virtual is the source
of self-organization. The real and the virtual domains can be unified
only at peril |
Establishes Duality
as based on real and virtual domains and postulates some of its
properties. The virtual system is an informal system that, however,
is or can be repeatable.
Real and virtual domains are not
inherently in opposition because they are qualitatively different
The real domain is finite and
unbounded. The virtual domain is infinite
Merging (unification) of the real
and virtual domains into a single domain is not computable (annihilation). |
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Q? Relevant
Background:
New
Computational Methods.
Our social dimension puts our mindset into the present scientific
consensus. Perhaps it is the other way around. In any case, it is
time for a breakout from the current solar system range |
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Both
the real and virtual domains can be emulated |
Early on in history we derived
the concept of time to emulate and
predict events in the real domain. (To fermions, time doesn't
matter.) We can also emulate the virtual and give it a mathematical
foundation that is without all-and-nothing labels such as 'para-,'
'meta-,' 'sur-,' or [personal favorite] 'consumer acts in his best interest' |
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Q:
"If time
is a derivative
how can time be absolute?"
Time
is a derivative and time is always a dependent variable. If
lightspeed is absolute, and it is, then time derived from lightspeed
is absolute as well. Time is not inherently absolute but absolute
clock is constructible. Time issues from organized systems and as
long as the system remains organized, time can be used to describe
the system. (Newton postulated the existence of absolute spatial
distance and time. However, absolute spatial distance and time can
be, must be, and were constructed
for the real domain to work.)
Q?
Relevant background:
Self-Organization.
You may need to develop both views in your head. Yet, there is a
risk here, for your thinking processes may change. This article also
has a decent explanation on the difference between parallelism and concurrency. |
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Organization
increases when both the real and the virtual aspects, while
separate, remain in a tractable state |
Tractability allows
non-conflicting transitions (via transformation) between the real and
the virtual domains while maintaining the separation of both domains.
A particular system, then, has its real and virtual representation
Real and virtual aspects refer to
real and virtual properties and interactions of the respective real
or virtual entities. Real and virtual entities may transition from
one domain to another through transformations that can be and should
be reversible. All transformations happen in the framework of the
conservation of energy
No entity can be real and virtual
at the same instance |
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Q? Relevant
background:
Technology
Targets for the new Millennium, Quantum
Computing selection. It also addresses antimatter because antimatter
can be reorganized into normal (everyday) matter |
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QUANTUM
PYTHAGOREANS
Book
by Mike Ivsin
A book that guides
you cleanly through all the Gs of gravitation.
You compute and so
does the nature. It's time you caught up.
Continue
.. |
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Goor
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-- 2008 Backbone Consultants Inc. Copyrights Information
Last update
January 9, 2008 |
